Julia Hoggett, who joins the FCA from Bank of America Merrill Lynch where she is currently managing director, will start in early May.
Her current role made her responsible for a range of debt capital markets products including European Commercial Paper, Covered Bonds and Green Bonds in Europe, the Middle East and Africa. She has also been active in advising financial institution clients on their overall funding strategies.
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Ms Hoggett said: "I am honoured to be joining the FCA and to be part of the further development of financial market supervision in the UK.
"I am looking forward to working closely with colleagues and the wider market to ensure that the United Kingdom remains at the forefront of the investment banking industry and does so in a manner which places the protection of consumers, of all forms, front and centre."
Clive Adamson, director of supervision at the FCA, said: "Julia has a huge amount of industry experience, with an excellent understanding of financial institutions and specific investment banking experience."
Ms Hoggett was previously the chief executive of DEPFA ACS Bank Ireland and has also worked at JP Morgan in debt capital markets roles covering Sovereign, Supranational and Agency and Emerging Markets clients.