The new global brand will "represent the combined capabilities, reach and resource of Threadneedle and its US-based affiliate Columbia Management", the company said.
The firm believes by pooling knowledge and closer collaboration the move will enable it to improve investment decisions and performance for clients.
Both Columbia and Threadneedle are owned by US financial services firm Ameriprise Financial. The firm estimated that together they form the 30th largest global asset management group.
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The firm hopes that the new brand will reinforce the strength of both firms in established markets of the UK, Europe and the US and will enable the group to grow its presence in key markets including Asia Pacific, Latin America and the Middle East.
Mark Burgess, chief investment officer of Threadneedle, said: "In a world where financial markets and economies are increasingly interconnected, having a strong established investment capability in Europe, the US and Asia is a considerable advantage.
"Threadneedle's investment approach continues to be based on focused research, creative thinking, sharing of ideas and rigorous debate, combined with disciplined oversight.
"Over recent years we have deliberately fostered an environment of information sharing and debate between Columbia and Threadneedle, which has given our portfolio managers a significantly stronger global research platform and a rich seam of ideas and analysis.
"Our investment teams remain true to their respective styles and processes, however the sharing of research globally allows us to make better use of our investment ideas and talent, enhancing the 'perspective advantage' that is core to Threadneedle's investment philosophy".
Ted Truscott, chief executive of Global Asset Management for Ameriprise Financial, said: "We are introducing the Columbia Threadneedle Investments brand to reflect the significant resources and expertise available to our teams around the globe.
"By working together we add depth to our offerings, enabling us to make better investment decisions and ultimately generate better performance for our clients, and the new global brand reflects this. Clients globally benefit from our combined research ideas and insights, trading techniques and portfolio strategies and from the strength, stability and resource of our parent company, Ameriprise Financial".
The new brand will be introduced in the first half of 2015, coinciding with Threadneedle's move to a new London head office at Cannon Place.
The established investment teams, strategies and processes in place at both firms will not change.
Nor will Threadneedle's existing funds or client portfolios and mandates. 

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